在常见和冲突的利益（混合动机环境）最近在多智能经纪人学习中获得了相当大的关注的情况下，在普通和冲突的环境中的合作。然而，通常研究的混合动机环境具有单一的合作结果，所有代理商可以同意。许多现实世界的多代理环境是讨价还价的问题（BPS）：它们有几个帕累托最优的收益档案，代理具有冲突的偏好。我们认为当规范性分歧的空间导致存在多个竞争合作均衡的空间时，典型的合作诱导学习算法未能在BPS中合作，并经过凭经验说明这个问题。要纠正问题，我们介绍了规范适应性政策的概念。规范适应性政策能够根据不同情况下的不同规范表现，从而为解决规范性分歧的机会创造了机会。我们开发一类规范适应性政策，并在实验中展示，这些实验性显着增加了合作。然而，规范适应性无法解决从利用率和合作稳健性之间产生的基本权衡产生的残余议价失败。

Making histopathology image classifiers robust to a wide range of real-world variability is a challenging task. Here, we describe a candidate deep learning solution for the Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge 2022 (MIDOG) to address the problem of generalization for mitosis detection in images of hematoxylin-eosin-stained histology slides under high variability (scanner, tissue type and species variability). Our approach consists in training a rotation-invariant deep learning model using aggressive data augmentation with a training set enriched with hard negative examples and automatically selected negative examples from the unlabeled part of the challenge dataset. To optimize the performance of our models, we investigated a hard negative mining regime search procedure that lead us to train our best model using a subset of image patches representing 19.6% of our training partition of the challenge dataset. Our candidate model ensemble achieved a F1-score of .697 on the final test set after automated evaluation on the challenge platform, achieving the third best overall score in the MIDOG 2022 Challenge.

As more and more conversational and translation systems are deployed in production, it is essential to implement and to develop effective control mechanisms guaranteeing their proper functioning and security. An essential component to ensure safe system behavior is out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which aims at detecting whether an input sample is statistically far from the training distribution. Although OOD detection is a widely covered topic in classification tasks, it has received much less attention in text generation. This paper addresses the problem of OOD detection for machine translation and dialog generation from an operational perspective. Our contributions include: (i) RAINPROOF a Relative informAItioN Projection ODD detection framework; and (ii) a more operational evaluation setting for OOD detection. Surprisingly, we find that OOD detection is not necessarily aligned with task-specific measures. The OOD detector may filter out samples that are well processed by the model and keep samples that are not, leading to weaker performance. Our results show that RAINPROOF breaks this curse and achieve good results in OOD detection while increasing performance.

Underwater images are altered by the physical characteristics of the medium through which light rays pass before reaching the optical sensor. Scattering and strong wavelength-dependent absorption significantly modify the captured colors depending on the distance of observed elements to the image plane. In this paper, we aim to recover the original colors of the scene as if the water had no effect on them. We propose two novel methods that rely on different sets of inputs. The first assumes that pixel intensities in the restored image are normally distributed within each color channel, leading to an alternative optimization of the well-known \textit{Sea-thru} method which acts on single images and their distance maps. We additionally introduce SUCRe, a new method that further exploits the scene's 3D Structure for Underwater Color Restoration. By following points in multiple images and tracking their intensities at different distances to the sensor we constrain the optimization of the image formation model parameters. When compared to similar existing approaches, SUCRe provides clear improvements in a variety of scenarios ranging from natural light to deep-sea environments. The code for both approaches is publicly available at https://github.com/clementinboittiaux/sucre .

Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural Networks. While most of the studies focus on natural images with standardized benchmarks like ImageNet and CIFAR, little research has considered real world applications, in particular in the medical domain. Our research shows that, contrary to previous claims, robustness of chest x-ray classification is much harder to evaluate and leads to very different assessments based on the dataset, the architecture and robustness metric. We argue that previous studies did not take into account the peculiarity of medical diagnosis, like the co-occurrence of diseases, the disagreement of labellers (domain experts), the threat model of the attacks and the risk implications for each successful attack. In this paper, we discuss the methodological foundations, review the pitfalls and best practices, and suggest new methodological considerations for evaluating the robustness of chest xray classification models. Our evaluation on 3 datasets, 7 models, and 18 diseases is the largest evaluation of robustness of chest x-ray classification models.

We introduce submodel co-training, a regularization method related to co-training, self-distillation and stochastic depth. Given a neural network to be trained, for each sample we implicitly instantiate two altered networks, ``submodels'', with stochastic depth: we activate only a subset of the layers. Each network serves as a soft teacher to the other, by providing a loss that complements the regular loss provided by the one-hot label. Our approach, dubbed cosub, uses a single set of weights, and does not involve a pre-trained external model or temporal averaging. Experimentally, we show that submodel co-training is effective to train backbones for recognition tasks such as image classification and semantic segmentation. Our approach is compatible with multiple architectures, including RegNet, ViT, PiT, XCiT, Swin and ConvNext. Our training strategy improves their results in comparable settings. For instance, a ViT-B pretrained with cosub on ImageNet-21k obtains 87.4% top-1 acc. @448 on ImageNet-val.

Named Entity Recognition (NER) involves the identification and classification of named entities in unstructured text into predefined classes. NER in languages with limited resources, like French, is still an open problem due to the lack of large, robust, labelled datasets. In this paper, we propose a transformer-based NER approach for French using adversarial adaptation to similar domain or general corpora for improved feature extraction and better generalization. We evaluate our approach on three labelled datasets and show that our adaptation framework outperforms the corresponding non-adaptive models for various combinations of transformer models, source datasets and target corpora.

White matter bundle segmentation is a cornerstone of modern tractography to study the brain's structural connectivity in domains such as neurological disorders, neurosurgery, and aging. In this study, we present FIESTA (FIber gEneration and bundle Segmentation in Tractography using Autoencoders), a reliable and robust, fully automated, and easily semi-automatically calibrated pipeline based on deep autoencoders that can dissect and fully populate WM bundles. Our framework allows the transition from one anatomical bundle definition to another with marginal calibrating time. This pipeline is built upon FINTA, CINTA, and GESTA methods that demonstrated how autoencoders can be used successfully for streamline filtering, bundling, and streamline generation in tractography. Our proposed method improves bundling coverage by recovering hard-to-track bundles with generative sampling through the latent space seeding of the subject bundle and the atlas bundle. A latent space of streamlines is learned using autoencoder-based modeling combined with contrastive learning. Using an atlas of bundles in standard space (MNI), our proposed method segments new tractograms using the autoencoder latent distance between each tractogram streamline and its closest neighbor bundle in the atlas of bundles. Intra-subject bundle reliability is improved by recovering hard-to-track streamlines, using the autoencoder to generate new streamlines that increase each bundle's spatial coverage while remaining anatomically meaningful. Results show that our method is more reliable than state-of-the-art automated virtual dissection methods such as RecoBundles, RecoBundlesX, TractSeg, White Matter Analysis and XTRACT. Overall, these results show that our framework improves the practicality and usability of current state-of-the-art bundling framework

We present a Quality-Diversity benchmark suite for Deep Neuroevolution in Reinforcement Learning domains for robot control. The suite includes the definition of tasks, environments, behavioral descriptors, and fitness. We specify different benchmarks based on the complexity of both the task and the agent controlled by a deep neural network. The benchmark uses standard Quality-Diversity metrics, including coverage, QD-score, maximum fitness, and an archive profile metric to quantify the relation between coverage and fitness. We also present how to quantify the robustness of the solutions with respect to environmental stochasticity by introducing corrected versions of the same metrics. We believe that our benchmark is a valuable tool for the community to compare and improve their findings. The source code is available online: https://github.com/adaptive-intelligent-robotics/QDax

压缩在通过限制系统（例如流媒体服务，虚拟现实或视频游戏）等系统的有效传输和存储图像和视频中起着重要作用。但是，不可避免地会导致伪影和原始信息的丢失，这可能会严重降低视觉质量。由于这些原因，压缩图像的质量增强已成为流行的研究主题。尽管大多数最先进的图像恢复方法基于卷积神经网络，但基于Swinir等其他基于变压器的方法在这些任务上表现出令人印象深刻的性能。在本文中，我们探索了新型的Swin Transformer V2，以改善图像超分辨率的Swinir，尤其是压缩输入方案。使用这种方法，我们可以解决训练变压器视觉模型中的主要问题，例如训练不稳定性，预训练和微调之间的分辨率差距以及数据饥饿。我们对三个代表性任务进行实验：JPEG压缩伪像去除，图像超分辨率（经典和轻巧）以及压缩的图像超分辨率。实验结果表明，我们的方法SWIN2SR可以改善SWINIR的训练收敛性和性能，并且是“ AIM 2022挑战压缩图像和视频的超分辨率”的前5个解决方案。